Knowledge Words And Meanings Pt.5

1. **Adapt** – to change or adjust.

2. **Algebra** – a branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and equations.

3. **Analyze** – to examine in detail.

4. **Atmosphere** – the layer of gases around Earth.

5. **Bias** – a preference or prejudice.

6. **Biodiversity** – the variety of life in an ecosystem.

7. **Cell** – the basic unit of life.

8. **Climate** – long-term weather patterns.

9. **Compare** – to identify similarities.

10. **Contrast** – to identify differences.

11. **Constitution** – a system of fundamental principles.

12. **Culture** – shared beliefs, customs, and practices.

13. **Data** – facts and statistics for analysis.

14. **Democracy** – a system of government by the people.

15. **Density** – mass per unit volume.

16. **Diverse** – showing variety.

17. **Ecosystem** – a community of living organisms and their environment.

18. **Equation** – a mathematical statement of equality.

19. **Erosion** – the process of wearing away soil or rock.

20. **Evaluate** – to judge or assess.

21. **Evolution** – the gradual development of species over time.

22. **Experiment** – a test to discover something unknown.

23. **Factor** – an element contributing to a result.

24. **Fiction** – literature based on imagination.

25. **Fraction** – a part of a whole.

26. **Government** – the system or group of people governing a community.

27. **Habitat** – the natural home of an organism.

28. **Heredity** – the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

29. **Hypothesis** – an educated guess based on evidence.

30. **Immigration** – moving to a new country to live.

31. **Inference** – a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning.

32. **Irrigation** – supplying water to land or crops.

33. **Justice** – fairness in the protection of rights.

34. **Latitude** – distance north or south of the equator.

35. **Legislature** – a group of people who make laws.

36. **Longitude** – distance east or west of the prime meridian.

37. **Metamorphosis** – a change in form or structure.

38. **Molecule** – two or more atoms bonded together.

39. **Narrative** – a story or account of events.

40. **Nutrition** – the process of providing or obtaining food necessary for health.

41. **Organism** – a living thing.

42. **Parallel** – lines that never meet.

43. **Perimeter** – the continuous line forming the boundary of a shape.

44. **Photosynthesis** – the process plants use to convert sunlight into food.

45. **Precipitation** – water released from clouds in the form of rain, snow, etc.

46. **Protagonist** – the main character in a story.

47. **Revolution** – a sudden change in political power or structure.

48. **Symbiosis** – a close relationship between two species.

49. **Variable** – something that can change or be changed.

50. **Volume** – the amount of space something occupies.

These words cover a range of subjects, including science, math, social studies, and language arts, essential for junior high school learning.

1. **Absolute** – complete or total.

2. **Acceleration** – the rate of change of velocity.

3. **Acid** – a substance with a pH less than 7.

4. **Amendment** – a change or addition to a legal document.

5. **Angle** – the space between two intersecting lines or surfaces.

6. **Antonym** – a word with the opposite meaning.

7. **Atom** – the smallest unit of matter.

8. **Axis** – an imaginary line around which something rotates.

9. **Barter** – to trade goods or services without using money.

10. **Budget** – a plan for managing money.

11. **Capital** – wealth in the form of money or assets.

12. **Carnivore** – an animal that eats meat.

13. **Circulation** – the movement of blood through the body.

14. **Circumference** – the distance around a circle.

15. **Classify** – to group things based on shared qualities.

16. **Communism** – a political theory advocating for communal ownership of resources.

17. **Compound** – a substance made of two or more elements.

18. **Convection** – the movement of heat through fluids.

19. **Coordinate** – a number used to locate a point on a grid.

20. **Criteria** – standards used for judgment or evaluation.

21. **Decade** – a period of ten years.

22. **Decimal** – a fraction expressed in a system based on 10.

23. **Deforestation** – the clearing of trees from land.

24. **Diffusion** – the spreading of something more widely.

25. **Drought** – a long period of dry weather.

26. **Emancipation** – the act of freeing someone from slavery or oppression.

27. **Empire** – a group of states or territories controlled by one ruler.

28. **Enlightenment** – a movement that emphasized reason and individualism.

29. **Equator** – an imaginary line around Earth, equally distant from the poles.

30. **Equilibrium** – a state of balance.

31. **Expository** – writing that explains or informs.

32. **Feudalism** – a medieval system where land was exchanged for service.

33. **Fossil** – preserved remains of a prehistoric organism.

34. **Genotype** – the genetic makeup of an organism.

35. **Gravity** – the force that pulls objects toward Earth.

36. **Habitat** – the environment in which an organism lives.

37. **Hurricane** – a severe tropical storm with strong winds.

38. **Inertia** – an object's resistance to change in motion.

39. **Invertebrate** – an animal without a backbone.

40. **Ionic** – relating to or involving ions.

41. **Judiciary** – the branch of government that interprets laws.

42. **Kinetic** – related to motion.

43. **Latitude** – horizontal lines used to measure distances north or south of the equator.

44. **Monarchy** – a form of government with a king or queen.

45. **Osmosis** – the movement of water through a membrane.

46. **Parallelism** – similar structure in a pair or series of words or phrases.

47. **Photosynthesis** – the process by which plants make food using sunlight.

48. **Plateau** – a flat, elevated landform.

49. **Respiration** – the process of breathing.

50. **Theory** – a system of ideas intended to explain something.

1. **Abundance** – a large quantity of something.

2. **Alliteration** – the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words.

3. **Amphibian** – a cold-blooded vertebrate that lives in water and on land.

4. **Annex** – to add territory to a country.

5. **Apparatus** – a set of equipment or tools used for a specific purpose.

6. **Archaeology** – the study of human history through excavations.

7. **Argument** – a reason or set of reasons given to support an idea.

8. **Arid** – extremely dry, especially referring to climate.

9. **Artifact** – an object made by a human being, typically of cultural or historical interest.

10. **Autocracy** – a system of government where one person holds absolute power.

11. **Balance** – the ability to maintain stability or equilibrium.

12. **Boundary** – a line that marks the limits of an area.

13. **Capillary** – the smallest blood vessels in the body.

14. **Carbon** – a chemical element that is the basis of all known life forms.

15. **Cataract** – a large waterfall or a clouding of the eye's lens.

16. **Chloroplast** – the part of a plant cell where photosynthesis occurs.

17. **Chronological** – arranged in the order of time.

18. **Circumstantial** – based on circumstances rather than direct evidence.

19. **Colony** – a territory controlled by another country.

20. **Compromise** – an agreement where each side makes concessions.

21. **Congruent** – identical in shape and size.

22. **Constitutional** – related to or following a constitution.

23. **Continent** – one of the large landmasses on Earth.

24. **Crater** – a large, bowl-shaped cavity on the surface of a planet or moon.

25. **Crusade** – a medieval military expedition or a campaign for a cause.

26. **Cytoplasm** – the fluid inside a cell that holds the organelles.

27. **Declaration** – a formal statement or announcement.

28. **Demographics** – statistical data related to populations.

29. **Deposition** – the process of sediments settling out of water or air.

30. **Diversity** – the state of being varied or different.

31. **Domestication** – the process of taming animals for human use.

32. **Ductile** – capable of being stretched into thin wire.

33. **Emigrate** – to leave one’s country to live in another.

34. **Endothermic** – a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.

35. **Estuary** – the tidal mouth of a large river where the tide meets the stream.

36. **Expansion** – the action of becoming larger or more extensive.

37. **Extinct** – no longer existing or living.

38. **Fertilization** – the process of a sperm joining with an egg.

39. **Friction** – the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

40. **Glacier** – a large, slow-moving mass of ice.

41. **Hemisphere** – half of the Earth, divided by the equator or prime meridian.

42. **Homogeneous** – of the same kind or nature.

43. **Hydrosphere** – all the waters on the Earth’s surface.

44. **Immune** – protected from disease or harm.

45. **Indigenous** – native to a particular area or region.

46. **Isotope** – an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

47. **Latitude** – the angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth’s equator.

48. **Legislative** – related to the branch of government that makes laws.

49. **Mantle** – the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core.

50. **Velocity** – the speed of something in a given direction.

1. **Absorb** – to take in or soak up.

2. **Altitude** – the height of an object above sea level.

3. **Antibody** – a protein produced by the immune system to fight harmful substances.

4. **Aquifer** – an underground layer of water-bearing rock.

5. **Asteroid** – a small rocky body orbiting the sun.

6. **Atmosphere** – the gases surrounding a planet.

7. **Axis** – an imaginary line about which a body rotates.

8. **Barometer** – an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.

9. **Biodiversity** – the variety of life in an ecosystem.

10. **Boiling Point** – the temperature at which a liquid boils.

11. **Bureaucracy** – a system of government in which decisions are made by state officials.

12. **Capitalism** – an economic system where private individuals own and control production.

13. **Caste** – a social class structure that is inherited and rigid.

14. **Catalyst** – a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

15. **Celsius** – a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.

16. **Centripetal** – directed toward the center (as in a force).

17. **Chlorophyll** – the green pigment in plants used in photosynthesis.

18. **Circumference** – the distance around the edge of a circle.

19. **Civics** – the study of the rights and duties of citizenship.

20. **Comet** – a celestial object made of ice, dust, and gas that orbits the sun.

21. **Commonwealth** – a political community founded for the common good.

22. **Compress** – to press or squeeze something into a smaller space.

23. **Condensation** – the process by which gas turns into a liquid.

24. **Conservation** – the protection of natural resources.

25. **Convection** – the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas).

26. **Decompose** – to break down into smaller components.

27. **Density** – mass per unit volume of a substance.

28. **Dialect** – a regional variety of a language.

29. **Diffraction** – the bending of light or sound waves around an obstacle.

30. **Dominant** – having power or influence over others.

31. **Drought** – a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall.

32. **Ecology** – the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

33. **Efficiency** – the ability to accomplish a task with minimal waste of time and resources.

34. **Electromagnet** – a magnet created by electricity passing through a coil of wire.

35. **Empathy** – the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

36. **Entrepreneur** – a person who organizes and operates a business.

37. **Equator** – an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth, equidistant from the poles.

38. **Erosion** – the process by which soil and rock are worn away by wind, water, or ice.

39. **Evaporation** – the process by which liquid turns into vapor.

40. **Exothermic** – a reaction that releases heat.

41. **Fossil Fuel** – a natural fuel formed from the remains of living organisms.

42. **Galaxy** – a large system of stars held together by gravity.

43. **Geography** – the study of Earth's landscapes, environments, and places.

44. **Greenhouse Effect** – the warming of Earth's atmosphere caused by trapped heat from the sun.

45. **Herbivore** – an animal that eats only plants.

46. **Igneous** – rock formed by cooling and solidification of molten lava or magma.

47. **Infrastructure** – the basic physical structures needed for a society to operate, such as roads and power supplies.

48. **Joule** – a unit of energy in the International System of Units.

49. **Kinetic Energy** – the energy an object has due to its motion.

50. **Magnetism** – the force of attraction or repulsion between magnetic materials.

1. **Acceleration** – the rate at which velocity changes over time.

2. **Acidic** – having a pH less than 7; contains acid.

3. **Adolescence** – the period of life between childhood and adulthood.

4. **Alloy** – a mixture of two or more metals.

5. **Amend** – to make changes to a document or law.

6. **Annexation** – the act of adding territory to an existing country or state.

7. **Antagonist** – the character or force in conflict with the protagonist in a story.

8. **Aquatic** – related to water.

9. **Assimilation** – the process of taking in and fully understanding information or culture.

10. **Atom** – the smallest unit of a chemical element.

11. **Autonomous** – self-governing; independent.

12. **Bacteria** – single-celled microorganisms that can exist as independent organisms.

13. **Barometer** – an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.

14. **Bilateral** – having or relating to two sides; affecting both sides.

15. **Biome** – a large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region.

16. **Boiling Point** – the temperature at which a liquid turns to vapor.

17. **Budget** – an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.

18. **Centrifugal** – moving or tending to move away from a center.

19. **Chromosome** – a structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.

20. **Civilization** – a complex human society with established cities, culture, and government.

21. **Climate Change** – long-term alteration of temperature and weather patterns.

22. **Clone** – an organism or cell produced asexually from one ancestor to which they are genetically identical.

23. **Cohesion** – the action or property of molecules sticking together.

24. **Communism** – a political theory advocating for a classless society and communal ownership of resources.

25. **Compress** – to flatten or reduce in size by pressure.

26. **Constitutional** – relating to a constitution or consistent with it.

27. **Continent** – one of Earth's seven large landmasses.

28. **Coordinate** – to bring the different elements of a complex activity into harmonious action.

29. **Deposition** – the process by which sediment settles out of water or wind to form a new layer of material.

30. **Dictatorship** – a form of government in which one person holds absolute power.

31. **Diffusion** – the spreading of something more widely, especially particles moving from high to low concentration.

32. **Dissolve** – to mix a solid into a liquid to form a solution.

33. **DNA** – deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

34. **Eclipse** – the partial or total blocking of one celestial body by another.

35. **Emigrate** – to leave one's own country to live in another.

36. **Endangered** – a species at risk of extinction.

37. **Erosion** – the gradual destruction or wearing away of rock, soil, or land by wind, water, or other natural forces.

38. **Famine** – an extreme shortage of food.

39. **Fermentation** – the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms.

40. **Franchise** – the right to vote in public elections.

41. **Geyser** – a hot spring that intermittently sends up water and steam into the air.

42. **Herbivore** – an animal that feeds on plants.

43. **Hybrid** – an offspring of two different species or varieties.

44. **Inertia** – the resistance of an object to a change in its motion.

45. **Inverse** – opposite in position, direction, or effect.

46. **Irrigation** – the artificial application of water to land to assist in growing crops.

47. **Magma** – molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.

48. **Nucleus** – the central part of a cell that contains genetic material.

49. **Oxygen** – a chemical element essential for respiration in living organisms.

50. **Photosynthesis** – the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize food from carbon dioxide and water.